What is the primary distinction between the planning board and zoning board of adjustment?

The primary distinction between the planning board and the zoning board of adjustment lies in their respective functions concerning land use and development regulations. The planning board is typically responsible for managing the broader aspects of land development, including the review and approval of site plans and subdivisions. In this role, they assess compliance with zoning and land use regulations while facilitating permitted activities that align with the municipality's master plan.

Conversely, the zoning board of adjustment serves a more specialized function by focusing on variance applications. They often handle requests for deviations from the established zoning regulations, particularly when an applicant seeks relief from specific requirements that create an undue hardship. This includes reviewing cases where a use or structure does not conform to the existing zoning ordinance.

Hence, the planning board primarily deals with permitted activities as defined by municipal regulations, while the zoning board addresses nonpermitted uses and the necessary adjustments that may allow for those uses to proceed under certain conditions. This distinction is fundamental in understanding how local governance structures are designed to balance development needs with regulatory frameworks.